Characteristics of pistachio cultivars and bases part 2

Very early cultivars (until August 31st): early Hazelnut, early Rezai, very early Qazvini and very early Italian

Early cultivars (10-10 Shahrivar) Musa Abadi, Ohadi, Qazvini early, Italian early

Medium varieties of clay (11-20 Shahrivar) Kale Gouchi, Sirizi, Nish Kaghi, Khanjari Damghan, Shah Pasand, Amiri, Saif Aldini and Badami

Late varieties (21-31 Shahrivar) Hassanzadeh-Badami-Zarand-Ahmed Aghaei-Fondghi Ghafouri-Akbari-Fondghi Riz Badami

Raver - Herati - Mumtaz - Sefid Pistachio Noug Ebrahimabadi - Gholamrezaei

Very late cultivars (October 1-10) Fandghi 48, Ebrahimi and Jandaghi

In early cultivars, brain filling starts earlier and develops in a short period of time, and in late cultivars, brain development time is longer.

One of the factors of abortion and crop failure at the end of the growing season is the effect of high temperatures at this stage of fruit growth, which leads to abortion, so according to the existing weather conditions, you can choose cultivars that develop the brain at the same time. Not with extreme heat.

Early varieties can be harvested in the second half of August and very late varieties in late October. The cultivated area of ​​very early cultivars is limited and they are mostly consumed fresh.

Early cultivars are suitable for areas with a short growing season.

Late cultivars are not suitable in areas where there is a possibility of early autumn frost or autumn rainfall and they suffer from contamination and unfavorable quality.

The most important bases of pistachios:

Selection of the rootstock is one of the most important issues that must be considered during the construction of a pistachio garden. Although all pistachio cultivars can be grafted on its different species, nevertheless, in Iran, out of 3 domestic pistachio species (P.vera) ), Chatlanqosh (P.khinjuk) and Bene (P.mutica) are used as pistachio base.

In more than 99% of pistachio orchards, the domestic species has been used as a base. This species has a lot of genetic and phenotypic diversity in different regions of Iran. Its initial growth is high and it adapts well to cuttings of different cultivars, but it is sensitive to root tuber nematodes, gomoz and verticillium. Baneh base is known as one of the bases resistant to pistachio root tuber nematode and Chatlanqosh as a base resistant to drought and dehydration.

In other countries of the world, they use other bases such as P.terebinthus, P.atlantica, P.integerrima, UCBI, PGI and PGII, and the last 3 bases are obtained from two crosses between P.integerrima × P.atlantica species and They are sold under brand names.

P. atlantica: Due to its greater resistance to cold compared to P. integrerrima, it is the most commonly used rootstock in the state of Califoia. In recent years, due to the spread of verticillium disease, resistant bases such as P.integerrima and its hybrids are used.

P.integerrima: It is the most sensitive base to cold. Nutritional research has shown that the efficiency of this base in absorption is lower than that of P. atlantica. After it was found that this rootstock was resistant to verticillium disease, its use was developed in the new gardens of the state of Califoia.

Interspecific hybrids: UCBI and PGII hybrid bases differ in their resistance to Verticillium. P.integerrima is the most resistant base and P.atlantica is the most sensitive base to Verticillium disease. Also, UCBI two-strain base is semi-resistant to resistant and PGII two-strain base is semi-sensitive to sensitive. PGII base has a higher relative efficiency in Zn absorption compared to P.terebinthus, while P.atlantica is in the middle and UCBI and P.integerrima bases have the lowest absorption rate.